CSF1 is a four-alpha -helical-bundle cytokine, the primary regulator of macrophage survival, proliferation and differentiation. It is also essential for the survival and proliferation of osteoclast progenitors, and primes and enhances macrophage killing of tumor cells and microorganisms, regulates the release of cytokines and other inflammatory modulators from macrophages, and stimulates pinocytosis. Human CSF1 is active in the mouse, but mouse CSF1 is reported to be species-specific (1-5).
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