IL25 (interleukin-25) is one of immunoregulatory cytokines with a conserved cysteine-rich region, and it promotes Th2-biased immune responses. During helminth infections and allergic reactions, IL-25 is locally up-regulated in intestinal and airway epithelial cells, atopic dermatitis skin lesions, and local Th2 cells, eosinophils, and basophils. IL-25 acts on a variety of cell types that respond with increased production of Th2 cytokines (e.g. IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) and reduced production of Th1 and Th17 cytokines (e.g. IFN-gamma, IL-12, IL-23, IL-17A, IL-17F). The IL-25 induced suppression of Th1 and Th17 cytokines limits Th17 cell expansion and disease pathology in autoimmunity and colitis. In addition, IL-25 also promotes vascular endothelial cell proliferation and assembly into tubular structures, and supports the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and limits CD4+ T cell infiltration into the brain (1-5).
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